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"Reed's tendency to go too far has not diminished." Paul Devlin, The San Francisco Chronicle"A courageous American man of letters, one who, if he lived in most places in the world, would be a martyr by now." Hakim Hasan, The San Francisco Chronicle"Ishmael Reed is a buzz-saw. He ambushes arguments from everunpredictable angles forcing the rest of us, whatever our politics,to acknowledge not just his passion but the fierceness of his intellect." Trey Ellis, author of Platitudes, Home Repairs, and "The New Black Aesthetic.""Just when you think that Reed is xaggerating, or being one-dimensional in his analysis of racial issues, he'll open another page of American history and show you something new." David Homel, Montreal, Rover Arts.

Children's awareness of the dramatic and unreal nature of most of television (perceived reality) has been proposed as playing an important part in children's responses to television, although there is some disagreement as to just what that important part is. More basically, however, perceived reality has been assumed to be a unitary concept measurable by widely varying questionnaire items and experimental manipulations. Based on an explication of perceived reality that proposed a division into a variety of subdimensions, questionnaire items were constructed and responded to by children from nursery school. first. third, and sixth grades. Factor analyses revealed a basic important distinction between the degree to which children believe they are viewing either ongoing life or drama (Magic Window reality), and the degree to which they believe television characters and events do or do not match their expectations about the world (Social Expectations). An "adult discount" with age was found only for Magic Window reality; Social Expectations reality either increased with age or followed curvilinear trends. Given the breakdown of perceived reality into its component parts, further research should be much better equipped to examine its potential as in intervening variable in television effects.

Two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory is a useful model of an exactly solvable gauge theory with a string theory dual at large N. We calculate entanglement entropy in the 1/N expansion by mapping the theory to a system of N fermions interacting via a repulsive entropic force. The entropy is a sum of two terms: the "Boltzmann entropy," log dim(R) per point of the entangling surface, which counts the number of distinct microstates, and the "Shannon entropy," - Sigma p(R) log p(R), which captures fluctuations of the macroscopic state. We find that the entropy scales as N-2 in the large N limit, and that at this order only the Boltzmann entropy contributes. We further show that the Shannon entropy scales linearly with N, and confirm this behaviour with numerical simulations. While the term of order N is surprising from the point of view of the string dual - in which only even powers of N appear in the partition function - we trace it to a breakdown of large N counting caused by the replica trick. This mechanism could lead to corrections to holographic entanglement entropy larger than expected from semiclassical field theory. ; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science

The aerodynamics of wings with moderately swept wings continues to be a challenging and important problem due to the current and future use in military aircraft. And yet, there is very little work devoted to the understanding of the aerodynamics of such wings. The problem is that such wings may be able to sustain attached flow next to broken-down delta-wing vortices, or stall like two-dimensional wings, while shedding vortices with generators parallel to their leading edge. To address this situation we studied the flow field over diamond-shaped planforms and sharp-edged finite wings. Possible mechanisms for flow control were identified and tested. We explored the aerodynamics of swept leading edges with no control. We presented velocity and vorticity distributions along planes normal and parallel to the free stream for wings with diamond shaped planform and sharp leading edges. We also presented pressure distributions over the suction side of the wing. Results indicated that in the inboard part of the wing, an attached vortex can be sustained, reminiscent of delta-wing type of a tip vortex, but further in the outboard region 2-D stall dominated even at 13 AOA and total stall at 21 AOA. To explore the unsteady flow field and the effectiveness of leading-edge control of the flow over a diamond-planform wing at 13 AOA, we employed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) at a Reynolds number of 43,000 in a water tunnel. Our results indicated that two-D-like vortices were periodically generated and shed. At the same time, an underline feature of the flow, a leading edge vortex was periodically activated, penetrating the separated flow, eventually emerging downstream of the trailing edge of the wing. To study the motion and its control at higher Reynolds numbers, namely 1.3 x 106 we conducted experiments in a wind tunnel. Three control mechanisms were employed, an oscillating mini-flap, a pulsed jet and spanwise continuous blowing. A finite wing with parallel leading and trailing edges and a rectangular tip was swept by 0, 20, and 40 and the pulsed jet employed as is control mechanism. A wing with a diamond-shaped-planform, with a leading edge sweep of 42, was tested with the mini-flap. Surface pressure distributions were obtained and the control flow results were contrasted with the no-control cases. Our results indicated flow control was very effective at 20 sweep, but less so at 40 or 42. It was found that steady spanwise blowing is much more effective at the higher sweep angle. ; Ph. D.

"This paper provides a comprehensive survey of seven aspects of rising inequality that are usually discussed separately: changes in labor's share of income; inequality at the bottom of the income distribution, including labor mobility; skill-biased technical change; inequality among high incomes; consumption inequality; geographical inequality; and international differences in the income distribution, particularly at the top. We conclude that changes in labor's share play no role in rising inequality of labor income; by one measure labor's income share was almost the same in 2007 as in 1950. Within the bottom 90 percent as documented by CPS data, movements in the 50-10 ratio are consistent with a role of decreased union density for men and of a decrease in the real minimum wage for women, particularly in 1980-86. There is little evidence on the effects of imports, and an ambiguous literature on immigration which implies a small overall impact on the wages of the average native American, a significant downward effect on high-school dropouts, and potentially a large impact on previous immigrants working in occupations in which immigrants specialize.The literature on skill-biased technical change (SBTC) has been valuably enriched by a finer grid of skills, switching from a two-dimension to a three- or five-dimensional breakdown of skills. We endorse the three-way "polarization" hypothesis that seems a plausible way of explaining differentials in wage changes and also in outsourcing.To explain increased skewness at the top, we introduce a three-way distinction between market-driven superstars where audience magnification allows a performance to reach one or ten million people, a second market-driven segment consisting of occupations like lawyers and investment bankers, and a third segment consisting of top corporate officers. Our review of the CEO debate places equal emphasis on the market in showering capital gains through stock options and an arbitrary management power hypothesis based on numerous non-market aspects of executive pay.Data on consumption inequality are too fragile to reach firm conclusions. We introduce two new issues, disparities in the growth of price indexes and also of life expectancy between the rich and the poor. We conclude with a perspective on international differences that blends institutional and market-driven explanations"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

Powerful n-channel DMOS-transistor with drain-source breakdown voltage Uds br value over 800 V and thresh-old voltage from 2 to 5 V was considered in this paper. One or more guard rings are formed on perimeter of such transistor for the breakdown voltage raising. The optimal guard rings construction was described and resistivity value of epitaxial film ρv was determined for obtaining required transistor Uds br value. The regression model was built, with the help of which the most optimal construction variants of guard rings of investigated transistor and resistivity value of epitaxial film, were selected. It was established that the five-dimensional polynomial of second order using as regression model allowed choosing the optimal topological spaces values in the guard rings area and ρv value which made it possible to obtain required Uds br values of the transistor. Experimental values of transistor drain-source breakdown voltage were 876 and 875 V, but calculated values (at identical parameters of definitional regression model) were 874 and 880 V, accordingly, that were errors of 0.23 % and 0.57 %, i. e. made model fits well with experimental data. It was established that ρv makes contribution to breakdown voltages values of the transistor that is more substantial than parameters of guard rings construction. This NDMOS-transistor was manufactured under production conditions of OJSC INTEGRAL" – "INTEGRAL" Holding Managing Company according to the technological route developed by the author. Such device is used in various electronic devices for energetics, in mobile phones, as part of high-voltage integrated circuits of AC/DC- and DC/DC-converters and high-voltage, high-stable LED-drivers.

Modeling the correlation structure of returns is essential in many financial applications. Considerable evidence from empirical studies has shown that the correlation among asset returns is not stable over time. A recent development in the multivariate stochastic volatility literature is the application of inverse Wishart processes to characterize the evolution of return correlation matrices. Within the inverse Wishart multivariate stochastic volatility framework, we propose a flexible correlated latent factor model to achieve dimension reduction and capture the stylized fact of 'correlation breakdown' simultaneously. The parameter estimation is based on existing Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We illustrate the proposed model with several empirical studies. In particular, we use high‐dimensional stock return data to compare our model with competing models based on multiple performance metrics and tests. The results show that the proposed model not only describes historic stylized facts reasonably but also provides the best overall performance.

The central purpose of this paper is to enquire into how rural societies, groups and individuals across Europe experience social change and social exclusion. Social exclusion is a multi‐dimensional, dynamic concept which refers to a breakdown or malfunctioning of the major societal systems that should guarantee the social integration of the individual or household. These include the democratic and legal system, which promotes civic integration; the labour market, which promotes economic integration; the welfare state system, promoting social integration; and the family and community system, which promotes interpersonal integration. Recent work in England and Scotland provides evidence of the processes and system failures lying behind social exclusion in a rural context and suggests that there may be substantially different pathways to social exclusion and insertion in a rural context. Research issues arise of how these processes and pathways vary between areas, and how they connect to the broader forces operating at macro and meso levels, and to local action. Finally, a research agenda is proposed.

Trauma remains a leading cause of death worldwide, and most early preventable deaths in both the civilian and military settings are due to uncontrolled hemorrhage, despite paradigm advances in modern trauma care. Combined tissue injury and shock result in hemostatic failure, which has been identified as a multi-dimensional molecular, physiologic, and clinical disorder termed trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). Understanding the biology of TIC is of utmost importance as it is often responsible for uncontrolled bleeding, organ failure, thromboembolic complications, and death. Investigations have exposed that TIC is characterized by multiple phenotypes of impaired hemostasis due to altered biology in clot formation and breakdown. These coagulopathies are attributable to tissue injury and shock and encompass underlying endothelial, immune, and inflammatory perturbations. Despite the recognition and identification multiple mechanisms and mediators of TIC and the development of targeted treatments, the mortality rates and associated morbidities due to hemorrhage after injury remain high. The purpose of this review is to examine the past and present understanding of the multiple distinct but highly integrated pathways implicated in TIC to highlight the current knowledge gaps and future needs in this evolving field, aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality after injury.

Abstract The purpose of this article consists of thinking about the theoretical and empirical feminist contributions that allowed the appearance of epistemic ruptures, thus helping to disclose the different social and human realities. Five epistemic breakdowns were hereby considered that deconstruct a one-dimensional and rational reality, facilitating the appearance of another complex real fact, the one that would reach the political educational arena of transversal gender: biologist, techno scientific, and binary, heterosexual and object-subject separation. It was concluded that gender studies, may promote a non universal education, giving space for a complex thought that transcends disciplines and human conscience itself. ; El objetivo de este texto consiste en reflexionar sobre los aportes feministas teóricos y empíricos que permitieron posicionamientos de rupturas epistémicas para revelar otras perspectivas de las realidades sociales y humanas. Se consideraron cinco rupturas epistémicas que desconstruyen una realidad unidimensional y racional, para dar cabida a otra compleja, que alcanzaría al espacio político de la educación transversalizada de género: biologicista, tecnocientífica, binarista, heterosexual y la separación objeto-sujeto. Se concluyó que los estudios de género pueden promover una educación des-universalizada, para dar lugar al pensamiento complejo que transciende las disciplinas y la misma conciencia humana.

PACS nrs.: 79.60.-i, 71.10.-w, 71.20.Tx, 71.55.Ak.p.-- et al. ; The full three-dimensional dispersion of the π bands, Fermi velocities, and effective masses are measured with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and compared to first-principles calculations. The band structure by density-functional theory underestimates the slope of the bands and the trigonal warping effect. Including electron-electron correlation on the level of the GW approximation, however, yields remarkable improvement in the vicinity of the Fermi level. This demonstrates the breakdown of the independent electron picture in semimetallic graphite and points toward a pronounced role of electron correlation for the interpretation of transport experiments and double-resonant Raman scattering for a wide range of carbon based materials. ; A. G. acknowledges a Marie Curie Individual Fellowship (COMTRANS) from the European Union. T. P. acknowledges DFG Projects No. PI 440/3 and No. 440/4. C.A. and L.W. acknowledge support from the French national research agency. A. R. is supported by the EC Network of Excellence Nanoquanta (No. NMP4-CT-2004-500198), SANES project (No. NMP4-CT-2006-017310), Basque Country University (SGIker Arina), and MEC (No. FIS2007-65702-C02-01). ; Peer reviewed

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the influence of human resource (HR) practices in shaping inter‐organisational supply relationships, and to describe the extent to which supply partners seek to adapt their internal HR practices to the external relationship.Design/methodology/approachInter‐organisational relationships are known to be multi‐dimensional in nature. Using seven dimensions to collect empirical evidence, the focus was on a dyadic supply relationship as the unit of analysis. A total of 48 interviews was undertaken from informants in both organisations.FindingsIt is shown that the supply relationship tends to be taken for granted at operational levels, and not subject to the relatively high levels of strategic alignment to be found at senior levels in both organizations. Operational aspects of the relationship are tested primarily in failure mode when poorly prepared to respond, for example, as a result of facility breakdowns and quality problems. Inter‐organisational HR practices were relatively weakly prioritised and – despite their acknowledged importance at operator level – were not clearly identified and supported in the way that intra‐organisational practices were.Originality/valueAn in‐depth, operations‐based study of HR practices has been undertaken in a reciprocally interdependent supply relationship from the perspectives of both partners.

Why did Russia see military intervention as a meaningful response to events unfolding in Kosovo (1999) and Ukraine (2014) despite major security risks and predictable negative consequences for Russia's economy and international reputation? The dissertation applies ontological security to answer these questions by shedding light on the important—yet overlooked—mutually constitutive relation between the Russian quest for a secure sense of post-Soviet Self and its foreign policy. It argues that conventional material and ideational perspectives alone cannot explain Russia's risky and costly interventions—stressing gains/threats to Russian military and economic security, international status and recognition. Based on a rich body of primary sources from contemporary central Russian newspapers, radio, television, official foreign policy documents and speeches, the dissertation demonstrates how military intervention in Kosovo and Ukraine emerged as meaningful Russian responses to heightened senses of ontological insecurity through inner dialogues among Russian custodians. Importantly, it shows how the post-Soviet Russian Self developed from being reconstructed along a vision of future greatness, because of the Western Other before intervening in Kosovo to despite of after Kosovo and, finally, in opposition to after Ukraine. Finally, it illustrates how the reconstructed Russian Self translated into an increasingly disruptive Russian foreign policy after the interventions. A special contribution is the two-dimensional understanding of foreign policy crisis as simultaneously holding the potential for breakdown of existing senses of Russian Self and breakthrough of a more ontological secure Russian Self. The dissertation will appeal to anyone interested in ontological security, interpretivism and the nexus between national identity and foreign policy, and to scholars and practitioners interested in Russian foreign policy.